Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans de mama con reconstrucción con colgajo del dorsal ancho. Reporte de caso

El Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans es un tumor cutáneo fibrohistiocítico, extremadamente raro y representa menos del 1% de los tumores mamarios. Se caracteriza por un lento crecimiento, pero con comportamiento infiltrante con altas tasas de recidiva local. Se puede sospechar clínicamente, la confirmación es histopatológica y se debe complementar con inmunohistoquímica. El tratamiento de elección es quirúrgico. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 23 años con Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans de mama derecha, sometida a tumorectomía y reconstrucción inmediata de colgajo de dorsal ancho. La paciente tuvo evolución satisfactoria, sin evidencia de enfermedad.

SUMMARY Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a fibro histiocytic cutaneous tumor extremely rare that accounts for less than 1% of all breast cancers, and it is characterized by slow growing but locally invasiveness with high recurrence rates. Confirmation of the diagnosis is with histopathology with immunohistochemistry. Treatment of choice is surgical resection with latissimus dorsalis reconstruction. We present the case of a 23-year-old woman with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the right breast in whom a tumorectomy followed by latissimus dorsalis reconstruction was performed. The patient had a favorable clinical evolution remaining free of disease.

Standardization of reconstructions with flaps after Fournier's gangrene / Padronização das reconstruções com retalhos após gangrena de Fournier

Introduction: Fournier's gangrene is characterized by tissue necrosis, which requires treatment employing debridement and antibiotics with wounds of varying sizes. The objective is to standardize the surgical techniques of reconstructions with flaps used to treat wounds after Fournier's gangrene. Method: A study was conducted by searching the PubMed/Medline, SciELO, and LILACS databases. Results: In wounds with skin loss of 25% to 50%, a local advancement cutaneous flap or a pudendal flap from the thigh was used; in wounds, greater than 50%, a superomedial thigh flap or myocutaneous flap from the gracilis muscle was used, with the aim of to enable proper reconstruction. Conclusion: Advancement and pudendal thigh flaps were used for wounds with up to 50% loss of scrotal skin substance, while the myocutaneous gracilis flap and supero-medial flap of the thigh were indicated for wounds with more than 50% of the total scrotal surface affected, after Fournier gangrene.

Introdução: Gangrena de Fournier é caracterizada por necrose tecidual, que necessita de tratamento por meio de desbridamento e antibióticos, com feridas de dimensões variadas. O objetivo é padronizar as técnicas cirúrgicas de reconstruções com retalhos utilizadas no tratamento das feridas após gangrena de Fournier. Método: Realizou-se estudo por meio da busca nas bases de dados PubMed/Medline, SciELO e LILACS. Resultados: Nas feridas com perdas cutâneas de 25% a 50%, foram utilizados retalho cutâneo local de avanço ou retalho pudendo da coxa, nas maiores de 50% foram necessárias as confecções do retalho superomedial da coxa ou retalho miocutâneo do músculo grácil, com intuito de possibilitar a reconstrução adequada. Conclusão: Os retalhos de avanço e pudendo da coxa foram utilizados para feridas com perda de substância cutânea escrotal de até 50%, enquanto os retalhos miocutâneo de músculo grácil e superomedial da coxa foram indicados para as feridas com mais de 50% da superfície escrotal total acometida, após gangrena de Fournier.

Effectiveness of lobulated pedicled rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for repairing huge chest wall defect / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effectiveness of lobulated pedicled rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap to repair huge chest wall defect.@*METHODS@#Between June 2021 and June 2022, 14 patients with huge chest wall defects were treated with radical resection of the lesion and lobulated pedicled rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap transplantation for reconstruction of chest wall defects. The patients included 5 males and 9 females with an average age of 44.2 years (range, 32-57 years). The size of skin and soft tissue defect ranged from 20 cm×16 cm to 22 cm×22 cm. The bilateral pedicled rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps in size of 26 cm×8 cm to 35 cm×14 cm were prepaired and cut into two skin paddles with basically equal area according to the actual defect size of the chest wall. After the lobulated pedicled rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap was transferred to the defect, there were two reshaping methods. The first method was that the skin paddle at the lower position and opposite side was unchanged, and the skin paddle at the effected side was rotated by 90° (7 cases). The second method was that the two skin paddles were rotated 90° respectively (7 cases). The donor site was sutured directly.@*RESULTS@#All 14 flaps survived successfully and the wound healed by first intention. The incisions at donor site healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 6-12 months (mean, 8.7 months). The appearance and texture of the flaps were satisfactory. Only linear scar was left at the donor site, and the appearance and activity of the abdominal wall were not affected. No local recurrence was found in all tumor patients, and distant metastasis occurred in 2 breast cancer patients (1 liver metastasis and 1 lung metastasis).@*CONCLUSION@#The lobulated pedicled rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap in repair of huge chest wall defect can ensure the safety of blood supply of the flap to the greatest extent, ensure the effective and full use of the flap tissue, and reduce postoperative complications.

Colgajo con preservación de papilas en defecto óseo del sector anterior / Papilla-preserving flap in bone defect of the anterior sector

RESUMEN La técnica de preservación de papilas en el tratamiento de las periodontitis ofrece ventajas en cuanto a la protección del sitio del defecto cuando en este se pretende realizar cirugía ósea aditiva. La combinación de este proceder con la regeneración tisular guiada garantiza mayor protección a la membrana colocada con este fin. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 47 años de edad, masculino, cibernético de profesión, que recibió tratamiento periodontal pero no acudió a su fase de mantenimiento y en este momento lo hace por presentar movilidad y sangrado gingival manifestado fundamentalmente al realizar los procedimientos de higiene bucal. Se le realizó un colgajo con preservación de papilas, entre los incisivos centrales superiores, colocándole un injerto de Bio-Oss y una membrana de colágeno, con lo que se obtuvo una mayor altura del hueso y una disminución de la profundidad de la bolsa.

ABSTRACT The papillae preservation technique in the treatment of periodontitis offers advantages in terms of protecting the defect site when additive bone surgery is intended to be performed on it. The combination of this procedure with guided tissue regeneration guarantees greater protection for the membrane placed for this purpose. We present a 47-year-old male patient, computer engineer as a profession, who received periodontal treatment but did not attend his maintenance phase; he does so due to mobility and gingival bleeding manifested mainly when performing oral hygiene procedures. A papilla-preserving flap was made between the upper central incisors, placing a Bio-Oss graft and a collagen membrane, which resulted in greater bone height and decreased pocket depth.

Reconstrução do braço com retalho miocutâneo do músculo grande dorsal após ressecção de sarcomas: relato de dois casos e descrição da técnica cirúrgica / Arm reconstruction with myocutaneous flap of the latissimus dorsi muscle after resection of sarcomas: report of two cases and description of the surgical technique

Os sarcomas de partes moles são neoplasias malignas raras originadas do mesênquima, mais comumente encontradas em membros. A ressecção cirúrgica com margens livres acima de 1cm é fundamental para obter a cura do paciente. A radioterapia pode ser combinada ao tratamento em casos selecionados. A reconstrução dos membros superiores após ressecções alargadas é um desafio. O retalho miocutâneo do músculo grande dorsal (RMGD) é uma opção em casos de lesões em membros superiores, sobretudo terço proximal e médio do braço, com preservação da função do membro e fechamento primário da área de ressecção. Relatamos dois casos de ressecção e reconstrução do braço utilizando RMGD com foco na descrição da técnica cirúrgica.

Soft tissue sarcomas are rare malignant neoplasms arising from the mesenchyme, most commonly found in the limbs. Surgical resection with free margins greater than 1 cm is essential to obtain a cure for the patient. Radiation therapy can be combined with treatment in selected cases. Reconstruction of the upper limbs after extended resections is a challenge. The latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap (LDMF) is an option in injuries to the upper limbs, especially the proximal and middle thirds of the arm, with preservation of limb function and primary closure of the resection area. We report two cases of arm resection and reconstruction using LDMF, focusing on the surgical technique description.

Colgajo submentoniano en la reconstrucción decabeza y cuello / Submental flap in head and neck reconstruction

Introducción. Los colgajos del territorio de la arteria submentoniana pueden ser utilizados como un colgajo cutáneo, musculofacial y osteocutáneo, realizando cierres primarios del defecto del sitio donante, sin generar defectos funcionales ni estéticos mayores. Métodos. Describir la experiencia de nuestro equipo quirúrgico, las complicaciones relacionadas con el uso del colgajo y los resultados oncológicos, así como los desenlaces tardíos durante el seguimiento de los pacientes incluidos en el estudio. Resultados. Se incluyeron veintiún pacientes, con una edad media de 66 años (rango 52 - 86), con patología oncológica de lengua, labio inferior, paladar blando, nariz, órbita y orofaringe. Todos los pacientes fueron sometidos a disección selectiva ipsilateral del cuello, tras la extracción del colgajo y en todos los casos se preservó el nervio mandibular marginal. Se registraron complicaciones como la necrosis parcial. La estancia hospitalaria media fue de 8 días.Conclusiones. El colgajo de la arteria submentoniana ha mostrado resultados favorables debido a su uso versátil, amplio arco de rotación, color y baja morbilidad del sitio donante. Se recomienda realizar estudios más robustos, que incluyan la experiencia de diversos especialistas en países que compartan las mismas limitaciones técnicas y características sociodemográficas.

Introduction. Flaps from the territory of the submental artery can be used as a cutaneous, musculofacial and osteocutaneous flap, performing primary closure of the donor site defect, without generating major functional or aesthetic defects. Methods. To describe the experience of the same surgical team, the complications related to the use of the flap and the oncological results, as well as the late outcomes during the follow-up of the patients included in the study. Results. Twenty-one patients with a mean age of 66 years (range: 52-86), with oncological pathology of the tongue, lower lip, soft palate, nose, orbit, and oropharynx were included. All patients underwent ipsilateral selective neck dissection after flap removal, and in all cases the marginal mandibular nerve was preserved. Complications such as partial necrosis were recorded. The mean hospital stay was 8 days. Conclusions. The submental artery flap has shown favorable results due to its versatile use, wide arc of rotation, color, and low donor site morbidity. More robust studies are recommended, including the experience of various specialists in countries sharing the same technical limitations and sociodemographic characteristics.

A COMPARATIVE RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY AFTER EXCISION OF ORAL CAVITY CARCINOMA USING PMMC FLAP, RADIAL FREE FLAP, OR ALT FREE FLAP

OBJECTIVES & AIMS: To determine whether the known risk factors such as comorbidities like diabetes &hypertension, or smoking increase the complications of flap transfer. Whether the type of flap transfer has any effect on flap related complications or onpost-operative rehabilitation of patients.METHODOLOGY:This is a retrospective study conducted at GCS Hospital, Ahmedabad, between January 2020to July 2021. Sample size is 63 patients with oral cavity cancer, out of which 21 underwentPMMC flap reconstruction, 21 underwent free ALT free flap reconstruction and 21underwent Radial free flap reconstruction.CONCLUSION:Risks have not increased complications in free flap or PMMC group in our study. Variousother studies have similar results however a larger patient pool may be needed to assess them.Though the flap related complications & donor site related complications are more withPMMC flap as compared to ALT & Radial free flap, statistically there is no significantdifference. Also, in the functional post-op outcomes there is no statistically significantdifference with PMMC flap, ALT free flap or Radial free flap.

Angiotomografía en la evaluación de arterias perforantes para reconstrucción mediante colgajos: lo que el cirujano quiere saber y el radiólogo debe informar / Computed tomography angiography for perforator flaps: What the surgeon needs to know and the radiologist should inform

Resumen Desde la introducción del concepto de «angiosomas¼ se describieron las arterias perforantes y su potencial para el uso en colgajos. La angiotomografía es un método excelente para la valoración preoperatoria en cirugías reconstructivas y es clave en la valoración prequirúrgica. Es un estudio multidisciplinario en cuyo análisis participan el radiólogo y el cirujano plástico. Es importante incluir en el reporte radiológico el origen de la arteria, detallar su curso, cuantificar el calibre y determinar su emergencia para facilitar al cirujano la planeación prequirúrgica y la realización del procedimiento quirúrgico. Otra de las principales ventajas es que el uso de este método disminuye los tiempos quirúrgicos y las posibles complicaciones de las cirugías reconstructivas. El radiólogo debe estar familiarizado con los tipos de colgajos más comúnmente utilizados, la anatomía de las arterias y sus perforantes para guiar al cirujano en la planeación prequirúrgica y la toma de decisiones.

Abstract Since the introduction of the concept of "angiosomes", the perforating arteries and their potential for use in flaps was described. Angiotomography is an excellent imaging modality for preoperative evaluation in reconstructive surgery and is very important in presurgical assessment. This imaging technique requires a multidisciplinary approach in which the radiologist and the plastic surgeon participate. The radiological report must include the origin of the artery, detail it's course, quantify the caliber and determine the position where it emerges through the fascial plane to give the surgeon the possible information in presurgical planning and surgical procedure. The main advantage of this technique is the reduction of surgical timing and possible complications. The radiologist should be familiar with the most commonly used types of flaps, the anatomy of the arteries and their perforators to guide the plastic surgeon in presurgical planning and decision making.

Técnica com retalho muscular duplo e fasciocutâneo na correção de úlceras isquiáticas por pressão / Technique with double muscle and fasciocutaneous flap in the correction of sciatic pressure ulcers

Úlceras por pressão são lesões ocasionadas na pele e tecidos subjacentes devido à força de pressão local, geralmente em pontos de proeminências ósseas. Cita-se aqui o caso de uma paciente acamada devido à lesão medular por mielomeningocele que evoluiu com úlcera em região isquiática à direita, tratada com técnica de retalhos muscular e fasciocutâneo de face posterior da coxa. Por ser lesão rotineiramente encontrada nesses pacientes portadores de limitações funcionais, é fundamental a realização de tratamentos adequados que visem a melhora clínica do paciente e minimizar índice de recidivas. Além disso, é de suma importância a implementação de novas técnicas cirúrgicas, haja vista a enorme variedade de lesões por pressão

Pressure ulcers are injuries to the skin and underlying tissues due to local pressure force, usually at points of bony prominence. We mention here the case of a bedridden patient due to a spinal cord injury caused by myelomeningocele that evolved with an ulcer in the right sciatic region, treated with the muscle flap and fasciocutaneous flap technique of the posterior thigh. As it is a lesion routinely found in these patients with functional limitations, it is essential to carry out appropriate treatments aimed at improving the patients clinical condition and minimizing the rate of recurrences. In addition, the implementation of new surgical techniques is of utmost importance, given the enormous variety of pressure injuries

Tratamiento quirúrgico de las úlceras por presión sacras con colgajo miocutáneo de gluteus maximus por deslizamiento en V-Y: Técnica quirúrgica / Surgical treatment of sacral pressure ulcers with gluteus maximus myocutaneous flap due to V-Y sliding: surgical technique

Resumen Introducción: La úlcera por presión más frecuente es la sacra. Si compromete el hueso puede provocar osteomielitis por lo que requiere aseo quirúrgico y colgajo miocutáneo de gluteus maximus por deslizamiento en V-Y. Materiales y Método: En el servicio de cirugía plástica del hospital del Salvador entre 2011 y 2020 se han operado 82 pacientes con ulceras sacras grado 4 que requirieron cobertura con colgajo miocutáneo de gluteus maximus en V-Y. De ellas se analizaron los últimos 37 pacientes. Resultados De los 37 pacientes, 12 fueron mujeres, 25 hombres, 17 parapléjicos, 12 tetrapléjicos y 8 deambulaban. 6 pacientes presentaron COVID-19. 24 fueron bilaterales y 13 unilaterales. Los colgajos cicatrizaron bien en 30 pacientes. Las complicaciones fueron de 16% consistente en 2 hematomas, 2 dehiscencias, 2 celulitis y 1 seroma, todas resueltas sin problemas. Seguimiento de entre 3 y 6 meses. Discusión El tratamiento quirúrgico con colgajo miocutáneo de gluteus maximus en V-Y, aparte de aportar volumen para ocluir la úlcera, aporta irrigación excelente con oxígeno, nutrientes y antibióticos que aseguran una óptima cicatrización. Dependiendo del diámetro de la úlcera el colgajo puede ser uni o bilateral. Dado lo complejo del tratamiento, en general, el porcentaje de complicaciones de 16% se considera bajo. Conclusión: El tratamiento quirúrgico de las úlceras por presión sacras con colgajos miocutáneos deslizantes de gluteus maximus ha sido exitoso con buenos resultados quirúrgicos con buen flujo sanguíneo y buena evolución.

Introduction: Pressure sores are the result of the compression of soft tissues in the prominent bones areas, mainly in patients without movement. If the depth of the ulcer compromises the sacral bone, the treatment will be the gluteus maximus myocutaneous flap in V-Y. Materials and Method: In the plastic surgery service of the hospital del Salvador 82 patients with sacral pressure sores grade 4 were operated on between 2011 and 2020 with gluteus maximus myocutaneous V-Y flap. The last 37 patients were analyzed. Results: With this treatment the flaps were doing well in all cases with good blood supply. Complications: dehiscence: 2 patients, cellulitis: 2 patients, hematoma: 2 patients and seroma: 1 patient. The overall complication was 16%. Follow up between three and six months. Discussion: The most important part in pressure sores is their prevention. When the ulcer is in prominent parts of the body, the sore, could be in different grades of depth. The classification of them is in grades 1: erythema, 2: subcutaneous tissue. These two grades are solved with conservative treatment. When the ulcers are in grade 3 or 4, and with little ulcer in the skin but with damage of the deep plane, the treatment will be with surgery. In our casuistic the most frequent pressure sore is in the sacrum treated with gluteus maximus sliding myocutaneous flap in V-Y. With this treatment the flaps were doing well in all cases with good blood supply. The complications of 16% were considered low. Conclusion: The sliding gluteus Maximus myocutaneous flap in V-Y for treatment for sacral pressures sores have been successful for our patients.

Tratamiento quirúrgico de las úlceras por radionecrosis con colgajos músculo y fasciocutáneos / Surgical treatment of radionecrosis ulcers with myocutaneous and fasciocutaneous flaps

Resumen Introducción: La Ulcera con radionecrosis debe ser resecada ampliamente y reparada con colgajos miocutáneos y fasciocutáneos. Objetivo: Presentar el tratamiento quirúrgico de las úlceras por radionecrosis mediante colgajos Miocutáneos y Fasciocutáneos pediculados y microquirúrgicos. Materiales y Método: La casuística es de 31 pacientes portadores de úlceras por radionecrosis resueltas con colgajos miocutáneos y fasciocutáneos. Ellos han sido pediculados y microquirúrgicos. Las edades fluctuaron entre 30 y 75 años operados entre el 2000 y el 2019. Resultados: Se realizaron 19 colgajos musculares o miocutáneos y 12 fasciocutáneos en diferentes zonas del organismo. Los colgajos correspondieron a: temporal, latissimus dorsi de pedículo central y en reversa, latissimus dorsi microquirúrgicos, recto abdominal, escapular microquirúrgico, para escapular, gracilis, gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, cubital microquirúrgico, fasciocutaneos: cone flap y de rotación local. Las complicaciones fueron dehiscencia de herida operatoria suturada y celulitis tratada con antibióticos. No hubo necrosis completa de los colgajos. El seguimiento fue de 3 a 6 meses. Discusión: En esta serie hemos utilizados los colgajos músculo cutáneos de preferencia, los fasciocutáneos los hemos reservados para aquellos casos en los que por razones anatómicas, de localización de las úlceras, era más adecuado usar estos últimos, como en las lesiones planas o poco profundas. Generalmente los colgajos fueron pediculados y en determinados casos, cuando el tejido vecino de reparación no estaba disponible, realizamos colgajos con microcirugía. Conclusión: El tratamiento de las úlceras por radionecrosis es efectivo cuando se realiza desbridamiento exhaustivo con cobertura inmediata con colgajos musculares o músculocutáneos y fasciocutáneos. Fueron colgajos pediculados y microquirúrgicos.

Introduction: The radionecrosis ulcer have to be widely resected and repaired trough flaps with good blood supply who contibute with oxigen, nutrients and antibiotics. Thinking on this the more suitable flaps are the myocutaneous ones and in special conditions the fasciocutaneous. Aim: The objetive of this paper is to show the surgical treatment of radionecrosis ulcers with myocutaneous and fasciocutaneous flaps. Materials and Method: Casuistic is 31 patients with radionecrosis ulcers treated with, mainly, myocutaneous flaps and in special areas with fasciocutaneous ones. The majority were pedicle flaps and in less number microsurgical flaps. The age of patients were betwee30 and 75 years old. Results: 19 muscle or myocutaneous flaps and 12 fasciocutaneous flaps were made. Flaps were latissimus dorsi, temporal, escapular, para escapular, rectus abdominis, rectus femoris, gracilis, gatrocnemius, cone flap and local fasciocutaneous flaps. Complications were sutured operative wound dehiscence and cellulitis treated with antibiotics. There were no complete necrosis of any flap. Discusion: In this serie we used muscle or myocutaneous flaps because they give good blood supply, oxigen, nutrients and arrival of antibiotic with filling of the deep ulcers. When the ulcers were shallow we use fasciocutaneous flaps. The majority of our flaps were pedicles and microsurgical flaps were used when there was no near avialable tissue. Conclusion: The treatment have to be wide debridement of the ulcer. The surgical treatment is with myocutaneous and fasciocutaneous flaps sometimes pediculates and in others conditions microsurgicals.

Management of refractory cervical anastomotic fistula after esophagectomy using the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap / Tratamento da fístula anastomótica cervical refratária após esofagectomia utilizando retalho miocutâneo do músculo peitoral maior

Abstract Introduction A refractory cervical anastomotic fistula which postoperatively remains unhealed for more than 2 months under conservative care severely impacts the quality of life of the patient and potentially leads to anastomotic stricture after the fistula heals. It is widely accepted that, to avoid this complication, refractory cervical anastomotic fistulas should undergo more aggressive treatments. However, when and which surgical intervention should be considered is unclear. Objective This study was designed to evaluate the role of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in the management of refractory cervical anastomotic fistulas based on our experience of 6 cases and a literature review. Methods Six patients diagnosed with refractory cervical anastomotic fistula after esophagectomy treated using pectoralis major myocutaneous flap transfer were included in the study. The clinical data, surgical details, and treatment outcome were retrospectively analyzed. Results All patients survived the operations. One patient who had a circumferential anastomotic defect resulting from surgical exploration developed a mild fistula in the neo-anastomotic site in the 5th postoperative day, which healed after 7 days of conservative care. This patient developed an anastomotic stricture which was partially alleviated by an endoscopic anastomotic dilatation. All the other 5 patients had uneventful recoveries after operations and restored oral intake on the 10th-15th days after operation, and they tolerated normal diets without subsequent sequelae on follow-up. One patient developed both local and lung recurrence and died in 15 months after operation, while the other 5 patients survived with good tumor control during the follow-up of 25-53 months. Conclusion The satisfactory treatment outcome in our study demonstrates that pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction is a reliable management modality for refractory cervical anastomotic fistulas after esophagectomy, particularly for those patients who experienced persistent fistulas after conservative wound care and repeated wound closures.

Resumo Introdução Uma fístula anastomótica cervical refratária, que permanece sem cicatrização por mais de 2 meses sob cuidados conservadores, afeta gravemente a qualidade de vida do paciente e potencialmente causa estenose anastomótica após a cicatrização da fístula. É amplamente aceito que as fístulas anastomóticas cervicais refratárias devem ser submetidas a tratamentos mais agressivos. No entanto, quando e qual intervenção cirúrgica deve ser considerada ainda é incerto. Objetivo Avaliar o papel do retalho miocutâneo do peitoral maior no manejo de fístula anastomótica cervical refratárias com base em nossa experiência de 6 casos e uma revisão da literatura. Métodos Foram incluídos no estudo seis pacientes diagnosticados com fístula anastomótica cervical refratária após esofagectomia tratados com transferência de retalho miocutâneo do peitoral maior. Os dados clínicos, detalhes cirúrgicos e resultado do tratamento foram analisados retrospectivamente. Resultados Todos os pacientes sobreviveram às cirurgias. Um paciente com defeito anastomótico circunferencial, resultante da exploração cirúrgica, desenvolveu uma fístula leve no sítio neoanastomótico no 5° dia de pós-operatório, que foi resolvida após 7 dias de tratamento conservador. Esse paciente desenvolveu uma estenose anastomótica parcialmente aliviada por uma dilatação endoscópica anastomótica. Todos os outros 5 pacientes tiveram recuperações sem intercorrências após as cirurgias, restabeleceram a ingestão oral 10 ou 15 dias após a operação e toleraram dietas normais sem sequelas subsequentes no seguimento. Um paciente desenvolveu recorrência local e pulmonar e morreu 15 meses após a cirurgia, enquanto os outros 5 pacientes sobreviveram com bom controle tumoral durante o seguimento de 25 a 53 meses. Conclusão O resultado satisfatório do tratamento em nosso estudo demonstra que a reconstrução com o retalho miocutâneo do peitoral maior é uma modalidade de manejo confiável para as fístula anastomótica cervical refratárias após a esofagectomia, particularmente nos pacientes que apresentaram falha após o tratamento conservador das feridas cirúrgicas e com fechamento repetido delas.

External Delta Fixator in the Postoperative Management of Microsurgical Flaps in the Lower Limb: Experience of a Tertiary Hospital / Fixador externo tipo delta no manejo pós-operatório de retalhos microcirúrgicos no membro inferior: Experiência de um hospital terciário

Abstract Objective To evaluate the use of external fixators in the delta-type kickstand configuration as an adjuvant method in the postoperative period of patients submitted to free flaps in the lower limbs. Methods A total of 17 external delta fixators were used in patients submitted to free flaps in the lower limbs. The surgical technique was performed in a standardized manner, with the distal pin located 6 cm proximally to the anastomosis, and the proximal pin, 6 cm distally to the anterior tuberosity of the tibia. Results The mean age of the sample was of 34.76 years (range: 15 to 66 years). In total, 11 men and 6 women were selected. The posterior tibial artery was used in 14 cases, and the anterior tibial artery, in 3 cases. The mean time of use of the external fixators was of 3.88 weeks. The rate of reoperation was of 17.64%; that of retail loss was of 11.76%; that of success rate was of 88.23%; and the rate of infection was of 5.9%. Conclusion The use of delta-type fixators as an adjunct method in the postoperative period is reliable; however, more studies are needed to evaluate its true role in the postoperative period.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o uso de fixadores externos, na configuração kickstand do tipo delta, como método adjuvante no período pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos a retalhos livres nos membros inferiores. Métodos Ao todo, 17 fixadores externos do tipo delta foram utilizados em pacientes submetidos a retalhos livres nos membros inferiores. A técnica cirúrgica foi realizada de forma padronizada, com o pino distal localizado 6 cm proximal à anastomose, e o pino proximal, 6cm distal à tuberosidade anterior da tíbia. Resultados A idade média da amostra foi de 34,76 anos (variação: 15 a 66 anos). Foram selecionados 11 homens e 6 mulheres. Utilizou-se a artéria tibial posterior em 14 casos, e a tibial anterior, em 3 casos. O tempo médio de uso dos fixadores externos foi de 3,88 semanas. A taxa de reoperação foi de 17,64%; a de perda do retalho foi de 11,76%; a de sucesso foi de 88,23%; e a taxa de infecção foi de 5,9%. Conclusão O uso de fixadores do tipo delta como método adjuvante no pós-operatório é confiável; porém, mais estudos são necessários para avaliar seu verdadeiro papel no pós-operatório.

Gracilis musculocutaneous flap in repair of perineal soft tissue defect with open pelvic fracture / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of gracilis musculocutaneous flap in repair of perineal soft defect with open pelvic fracture.Methods:From June 2009 to June 2019, 11 cases of open pelvic fracture associated with perineal injury were treated in the Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic of 521 Hospital of Norinco Group. There were 4 males and 7 females aged 16-56 (33 in average) years old. Cause of injuries: 6 cases by traffic accident, 4 by falling from height, and 1 by crushing. All the patients had open pelvic fractures. According to Tile classification, 1 case was rated as type A, 7 as type B and 3 as type C. All the patients were accompanied with perineal injury and soft tissue defect. The wound sizes ranged from 5 cm×5 cm to 8 cm×12 cm. The defects were repaired with gracilis musculocutaneous flap. The size of gracilis myocutaneous flaps was 6 cm×5 cm to 9 cm×13 cm. All donor areas of the flap were sutured directly. After surgery, 11 patients treated with strengthened nutritional support, keep supine position to avoid abduction, and appropriately raise the lower limbs. Follow-ups were conducted regularly after surgery.Results:All patients entered 6 to 30 (22 in average) months of follow-up. All of 11 myocutaneous flaps survived, besides 1 had a few necrosis at the distal surface of the myocutaneous flap, and healed after change of dressing. All the incisions at donor site had stage I healing. The colour, texture and flexibility of the gracilis myocutaneous flap were good. There was a scar at the donor sites without causing obvious dysfunction. Over the follow-up period, there was no failure of flap in either the recipient and donor sites. The patients were satisfied with the appearance and function.Conclusion:Gracilis musculocutaneous flap is one of the ideal methods in repair of perineal soft tissue defect with open pelvic fracture.

Paramedian forehead flap in the treatment of nasal, non-melanoma skin cancer: a cross-sectional study / Retalho frontal paramediano no tratamento do câncer de pele não-melanoma de nariz: um estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Introduction: nose is the central point of the face and vulnerable to the occurence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), impacting on appearance. The paramedian forehead flap (PMFF) is considered the best option to treat extensive nasal defects. The objective of this study is to present the experience on PMFF for nasal reconstruction in the treatment of NMSC of a cancer referral center. Methods: retrospective study was carried out through data from medical records of patients who underwent nasal reconstruction with PMFF due to NMSC at the Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo (ICESP). Results: 111 patients were identified, mostly ederly, with comorbidities and on initial tumors (T1 and T2). Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was the predominant histological type. Dorsum and tip were the most affected subunitis. In addition to skin coverage, reconstruction of the lining and structural framework was also performed in half of the cases. Second intention healing was the technique of choice in closing the donor area. Pedicle division ocurred predominantly in the second operation and the median time to complete reconstruction was 6 months. There were low complication rates. Conclusions: the PMFF is safe and effective to treat nose NMSC, even in cases of high complexity. Since the treatment time can be prolonged and impact on quality of life, it is essential to emphasize and discuss this aspect with the patients before surgery.

RESUMO Introdução: o nariz é o ponto central da face e vulnerável à ocorrência de câncer de pele não-melanoma (CPNM), com impacto potencial na aparência. O retalho frontal paramediano (RFPM) é considerado a melhor opção para o tratamento de defeitos extensos no nariz. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar a experiência de um centro oncológico de referência no uso de RFPM para reconstrução nasal no tratamento do CPNM. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo foi desenvolvido através do levantamento de dados de prontuário de pacientes submetidos à reconstrução nasal com RFPM devido à CPNM no Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP). Resultados: 111 pacientes foram identificados, a maioria idosos, com comorbidades e portadores de tumores iniciais (T1 e T2). O carcinoma basocelular (CBC) foi o tipo histológico predominante. Dorso e ponta foram as subunidades mais acometidas. Além da cobertura cutânea, em metade dos casos foi realizada também a reconstrução do forro ou arcabouço do nariz. Cicatrização por segunda intenção foi a técnica de escolha no fechamento da área doadora. A liberação do pedículo foi realizada predominantemente no segundo tempo cirúrgico e o tempo para finalização do tratamento teve mediana de 6 meses. Houve baixa taxa de complicações. Conclusões: o RFPM é seguro e eficaz no tratamento do CPNM nasal, mesmo em casos de elevada complexidade. O tempo total de tratamento pode ser prolongado e impactar na qualidade de vida, sendo fundamental enfatizar e discutir este aspecto com o paciente antes da cirurgia.

The role of primary inguinal surgical debulking for locally advanced penile cancer followed by reconstruction with myocutaneous flap

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate surgical complications and oncological outcomes of patients submitted to primary radical inguinal surgical debulking (PRISD) and myocutaneous pediculate flap reconstruction (MPFR) for locally advanced penile cancer (PC). Materials and Methods: Forty-two patients with ulcerated and/or fixed bulky inguinal masses underwent unilateral or bilateral PRISD with MPFR. Tensor fascia lata flap (TFL) was the standard of care for all patients. Additional use of the gracilis flap (GF) was carried out when necessary. Contra-lateral radical inguinal lymphadenectomy (RIL) was conduced when PRISD was performed unilaterally. Surgical complications were analyzed and stratified into minor and major according to the Bevan-Thomas classification. Adjunctive treatments were assessed and oncological outcomes analyzed. Results: Of the 42 patients evaluated, 10 (23.8%) underwent bilateral PRISD and 32 (76.2%) unilateral PRISD with contra-lateral RIL, totaling 84 lymphadenectomies. A total of 62 MPFRs were performed, 52 with TFL and 10 with GF. A total of 53 complications were identified, 49 related to PRISD with MPFR and 4 to RIL. Adjuvant chemotherapy was carried out in 16 patients. Median follow-up was 10.8 months with a median overall survival (OS) of 14.0 months against 6.0 months (p=0.006) for patients submitted to PRISD with adjuvant chemotherapy in relation to surgery alone. Conclusions: PRISD alone for advanced loco-regional PC is unlikely to promote long-term survival, although it can lead to temporary local control of the disease. Despite the feasibility of the procedure, it is related to high incidence of complications. Surgical treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with improved OS.

Reconstrução palpebral dinâmica com transferência do músculo temporal: relato de caso / Dynamic eyelid reconstruction with temporal muscle transfer: a case report

■ RESUMO Os defeitos na região palpebral são causados principalmente por excisões cirúrgicas de neoplasias cutâneas. Os objetivos da reconstrução palpebral estão fundamentados na restauração da funcionalidade desta unidade anatômica para manter a proteção ocular e a recuperação de uma aparência normal devido à importância crítica da região periocular na estética facial. O reparo dos defeitos palpebrais começa com uma cuidadosa avaliação dos componentes anatômicos que têm sido ressecados e precisam ser reconstruídos; a extensão e a localização do defeito guiarão a reconstrução. Grandes defeitos comprometendo a totalidade da espessura palpebral são um desafio para os cirurgiões plásticos. Milhares de técnicas cirúrgicas têm sido descritas para a reconstrução de defeitos palpebrais de espessura total; apresentamos neste artigo a descrição de um caso de reconstrução dinâmica da pálpebra com associação de um retalho frontal com transposição do músculo temporal após ressecção de um carcinoma basocelular infiltrativo recidivado.

■ ABSTRACT Surgical excisions of skin neoplasms mainly cause defects in the eyelid region. The objectives of eyelid reconstruction are based on the restoration of this anatomical unit's functionality to maintain eye protection and recovery from a normal appearance due to the critical importance of the periocular region in facial aesthetics. Repair of eyelid defects begins with a careful evaluation of the anatomical components that have been resected and need to be reconstructed; the extent and location of the defect will guide the reconstruction. Large defects compromising the entire body thickness are a challenge for plastic surgeons. Thousands of surgical techniques have been described for the reconstruction of total thickness eyelid defects; we present in this article the description of a case of dynamic eyelid reconstruction with an association of a frontal flap with temporal muscle transposition after resection of a recurrent infiltrative basal cell carcinoma.

Uso do retalho toracoepigástrico no fechamento de grandes defeitos na parede torácica pós-tratamento cirúrgico de tumor de mama localmente avançado: relato de caso / Use of thoracoepigastric flap in the closure of large chest wall defects after surgical treatment of locally advanced breast tumor: a case report

■ RESUMO O câncer de mama é o tipo de neoplasia maligna mais comum entre as mulheres no Brasil e no mundo, excluindo-se as neoplasias de pele não melanoma. O objetivo do presente relato é descrever o caso de uma paciente portadora de carcinoma invasor da mama, associado a grande extensão de comprometimento de pele e complexo aréolo-mamilar, cuja lesão mostrou-se inalterada após quimioterapia neoadjuvante. Após mastectomia tipo Halsted, utilizou-se o retalho tóraco-epigástrico para fechamento do defeito torácico, com evolução favorável da paciente. O uso do retalho tóraco-epigástrico tem sido descrito como uma ferramenta confiável por caracterizar-se como uma técnica de fácil execução, segura e com mínimas complicações pós-cirúrgicas.

■ ABSTRACT Breast cancer is the most common type of malignancy among women in Brazil and worldwide, excluding non-melanoma skin cancers. The purpose of this report is to describe the case of a patient with invasive breast carcinoma, associated with a large extent of skin involvement and nipple-areola complex, whose lesion was unchanged after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. After a Halsted mastectomy, the thoraco-epigastric flap was used to close the thoracic defect, with a favorable evolution of the patient. The use of the thoraco-epigastric flap has been described as a reliable tool because it is characterized as a technique that is easy to perform, safe and with minimal post-surgical complications.